Data ReplicationIn designing any system, we always tend to ensure data replication at the database level so that if one database node goes down, another is available to serve client requests. Data replication generally happens on separate hardware, following the mas...Feb 5, 2026·3 min read
ThrashingThrashing occurs when a process spends more time doing page replacement than actual execution. It happens when the degree of multi-programming is too high, leading to a sharp drop in CPU utilization, because the CPU keeps waiting for pages to be brou...Jan 22, 2026·1 min read
CachingCaching is the process of keeping frequently accessed data, instructions, or files in a memory closer to the CPU for faster access and faster execution of processes. If we have to read the data from secondary memory or disk, it takes more time since ...Jan 22, 2026·2 min read
Database Management SystemA database is a collection of related data, stored electronically and managed in a way that makes it easy to store, retrieve, modify, and organize. Databases are typically managed by a Database Management System (DBMS). These systems organize data ei...Jan 21, 2026·2 min read
What happens when you search any web pageWhen you first search any URL in the browser, the browser will check for its IP address in the cache if you have visited it before. If you have never visited the website before and the IP address cannot be found, the browser asks the OS to locate the...Jan 20, 2026·2 min read
Hyper Text Transfer ProtocolWhen we communicate with any web server, we use protocols (a set of rules) to do so. The most common of them are HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure). HTTP is the basic and simpler version in which anyone ...Jan 20, 2026·2 min read
Scaling in System DesignScaling refers to increasing the capacity of a system so that it can handle more users, traffic, or functionality with acceptable performance as load increases. In system design, scaling aims to improve responsiveness and throughput while maintaining...Jan 19, 2026·1 min read